Steps in the Decisions Process
Economic
analysis in engineering economy are very closely related to the problem of
making decisions. That in kRENkn a decision occurs when there are at least two
alternatives that should be in the select one of them. According to de garmo,
et al. (1984), when there is no existence of alternative (there is only one
option), then no need in doing economic analysis. So clearly the economic
analysis with decision-making process there is a close relationship.
According to Newman (1988), the rational decision-making process usually consists of 8 steps, namely:
1. Recognition / identification of problem
2. Pendenifikasi purpose
3. Pengunpulan of data that need
4. Identification of possible alternative / viable
5 The selection criteria to determine the best alternative
6. Determination of the relationship between objectives, alternatives, data & criteria è making
According to Newman (1988), the rational decision-making process usually consists of 8 steps, namely:
1. Recognition / identification of problem
2. Pendenifikasi purpose
3. Pengunpulan of data that need
4. Identification of possible alternative / viable
5 The selection criteria to determine the best alternative
6. Determination of the relationship between objectives, alternatives, data & criteria è making
model
7. Predicting the outcome of each alternative
8. Choosing the best alternative to achieve the objectives
A. Recognition / identification of problem
The first step in pengabilan decision is to recognize existing problems. A problem arises when there is a difference between the desire on the set with the real situation occurs. This difference does not guarantee that seseorabg will instantly make a decision to resolve the issue. First, we have to do is know the difference. We must be aware of any problems before they start looking for solutions to problems. Second, knowing the difference between keinginana yana in charge and the reality is not enough to start making decisions. We must termotivsi untunk reduce these differences. Third, in addition to those things we must also have peengetahuan, skills, abilities, and sumbe resources to resolve the issue.
2. Pendenifisi purpose
Once we find the first step, followed by pendenifisi purposes of decision we will take later. There are several objectives including:
Exploration (exploration), related to efforts to determine whether a phenomenon exists or not.
Description (description), relating to the assessment of the phenomenon in more detail or distinguish with the other phenomena
Prediction (prediction), seeks to identify the relationships (linkages) that allows us to speculate (count) about something (X) to find out (by) something else (Y).
Explanation (explanation), to assess the causal relationship between two or more phenomena.
Action (action), one can continue the above goal with the determination of the requirement to find a solution to the acting thing.
Once we know what kind of goals we anbil'll be a decision, start menbuat some decisions and selecting the appropriate decision which of the above purposes.
3. Collect data that need
After step 2 do next is begin to collect data that are needed in order to obtain alternative decisions in nginkan.
4. Identification of alternative possible / feasible
Start collecting all the alternatives that might be taken as many decisions as possible.
5. The selection criteria to determine the best alternative and the determination of the relationship between objectives, alternatives, data & criteria è make the model
Of all the possible identification and feasible alternative, formulate the best alternative relationship between objective data and criteria are in want. That is what will form the alternative of the problems that would be a decision.
6. Predicting the outcome of each alternative and Choosing the best alternative to achieve the objectives
After selecting an alternative. close as the next goal in doing is starting to predict of each alternative is selected. Whether the later will be in accordance with the desired goal. In this prose is in need of accurate calculations on all sides so as not to cause an error later in the day.
Prediction of outcome is what will show what a good alternative to a decision made as of the problem.
7. Predicting the outcome of each alternative
8. Choosing the best alternative to achieve the objectives
A. Recognition / identification of problem
The first step in pengabilan decision is to recognize existing problems. A problem arises when there is a difference between the desire on the set with the real situation occurs. This difference does not guarantee that seseorabg will instantly make a decision to resolve the issue. First, we have to do is know the difference. We must be aware of any problems before they start looking for solutions to problems. Second, knowing the difference between keinginana yana in charge and the reality is not enough to start making decisions. We must termotivsi untunk reduce these differences. Third, in addition to those things we must also have peengetahuan, skills, abilities, and sumbe resources to resolve the issue.
2. Pendenifisi purpose
Once we find the first step, followed by pendenifisi purposes of decision we will take later. There are several objectives including:
Exploration (exploration), related to efforts to determine whether a phenomenon exists or not.
Description (description), relating to the assessment of the phenomenon in more detail or distinguish with the other phenomena
Prediction (prediction), seeks to identify the relationships (linkages) that allows us to speculate (count) about something (X) to find out (by) something else (Y).
Explanation (explanation), to assess the causal relationship between two or more phenomena.
Action (action), one can continue the above goal with the determination of the requirement to find a solution to the acting thing.
Once we know what kind of goals we anbil'll be a decision, start menbuat some decisions and selecting the appropriate decision which of the above purposes.
3. Collect data that need
After step 2 do next is begin to collect data that are needed in order to obtain alternative decisions in nginkan.
4. Identification of alternative possible / feasible
Start collecting all the alternatives that might be taken as many decisions as possible.
5. The selection criteria to determine the best alternative and the determination of the relationship between objectives, alternatives, data & criteria è make the model
Of all the possible identification and feasible alternative, formulate the best alternative relationship between objective data and criteria are in want. That is what will form the alternative of the problems that would be a decision.
6. Predicting the outcome of each alternative and Choosing the best alternative to achieve the objectives
After selecting an alternative. close as the next goal in doing is starting to predict of each alternative is selected. Whether the later will be in accordance with the desired goal. In this prose is in need of accurate calculations on all sides so as not to cause an error later in the day.
Prediction of outcome is what will show what a good alternative to a decision made as of the problem.
Conclusion :
in decision-making
so that there are
several stages-stages
that can not be arbitrary to make decisions
referensi : http://irfanramadhan4.wordpress.com/2011/10/03/langkah-langkah-pengambilan-keputusan-dalam-ekonomi-teknik/
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar